A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings plan which is aimed toward encouraging saving for primary and secondary education expenses. These plans are sponsored by states and, in some cases, private educational institutions. Many taxpayers wonder whether they can contribute to a state plan outside of the state they reside in, and the answer is yes, but it may affect your tax deductions.
In-State or Out-of-state 529 Plan?
Most 529 plans have no state residency requirements, so it creates an open market to shop around for the plans each state has to offer. But, as with most things in life, some research needs to be done before deciding to take your 529 dollars elsewhere. Each state will offer different options for investment which will yield varying rates of return, as well as varying levels of fees and expenses associated with the options. Most residents choose to opt for an in-state plan, but it’s important to consider whether the state offers an income tax deduction for contributing. If the resident state does not offer an income tax deduction, it’s important to instead focus on fees, expenses, and investment objectives. Every state allows a rollover to another 529 plan once per year with no tax consequences, but several states will charge for transferring an account or recapture state tax deductions when moving from an in-state to an out-of-state plan.
Moving 529 Dollars to a different state
Thirty-five states offer a tax deduction or credit to their residents for 529 plan contributions. However, moving your 529 dollars to a different state may cause you to lose the tax benefits associated with the plan. For example, Illinois allows only contributions to an Illinois 529 plan of $10,000 (filing single) and $20,000 (married filing jointly) to reduce taxable income. Qualified distributions from only an Illinois 529 plan are exempt. On the other hand, in Missouri, residents can contribute up to $8,000 (filing single) and $16,000 (married filing jointly) to a Missouri 529 Plan or another state’s 529 plan and reduce taxable income. Likewise, qualified distributions are exempt whether it is a Missouri or a non-Missouri 529 plan. So, compared to Missouri, Illinois incentivizes its residents to keep dollars in the state and allows higher contributions, whereas Missouri allows more freedom to choose where to put your 529 dollars while still allowing deductions.
Consequences for Misusing a 529 Plan
To avoid abuse of these plans by trying to set up tax-shelters, states keep a watchful eye and have certain consequences to protect their 529 funds. If someone is caught contributing money to these plans without the intent of using it for education, they risk having their account terminated and open themselves up to extra penalties.
In the end, where you put your money is up to you. Educate yourself on your state’s rules regarding contributions to a 529 plan and keep in mind many states are similar to Illinois and will only incentivize residents to contribute to their home state. As you begin your journey of saving for education, do your research and contact an Anders advisor below.
